Why the Theory of Entropy Does Not Disprove the Theory of Evolution

The theory of entropy and the theory of evolution address different domains of science and operate under different principles, which is why they do not necessarily contradict each other. While the theory of entropy focuses on the natural increase of disorder in isolated systems, the theory of evolution explains the development and diversification of life over time. This article explores how these two theories coexist and why the increase in biological complexity does not violate the principles of entropy.

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

The Human Understanding of Entropy

Entropy, a concept derived from the second law of thermodynamics, is widely understood in the context of isolated systems. This law states that in an isolated system—where no external energy or matter can enter or leave—the entropy, a measure of disorder, tends to increase over time. This means that systems naturally progress towards a state of greater disorder. For example, a room will become more cluttered and disorganized over time in the absence of active intervention to maintain order.

Understanding Entropy in Isolated Systems

Isolated systems are not common in the real world. They are theoretical constructs used to simplify the study of thermodynamic principles. However, in natural settings, such as Earth, things are different. Earth is not an isolated system; it receives continuous energy from the sun. This external energy flow allows for local decreases in entropy, which is essential for the existence of complex structures like living organisms. The sun’s energy functions as a source of order, driving processes that counteract the general increase in entropy on a global scale.

Evolution and Biological Complexity

Charles Darwin and the Mechanisms of Evolution

The theory of evolution, primarily articulated by Charles Darwin, explains the change in species over time through various mechanisms, including natural selection, mutation, and genetic drift. Evolution is a process that describes how life diversifies and adapts to its environment, leading to increased biological complexity in some cases. The creation and maintenance of complex living organisms do not violate the laws of thermodynamics because the Earth is an open system.

Biological Complexity and Entropy

Biological complexity, such as the emergence of multicellular organisms, intricate cellular structures, and complex organs, can be seen as a local decrease in entropy. However, this decrease is compatible with the second law of thermodynamics because it is accompanied by an overall increase in entropy. The energy from the sun drives many processes on Earth, including photosynthesis, which enables plants to convert solar energy into chemical energy. This process supports life and contributes to local decreases in entropy, allowing for the emergence of complex life forms.

Misinterpretations of Entropy in Biological Contexts

Theoretical Misunderstandings

Some arguments against evolution based on entropy stem from a misunderstanding of how entropy works in biological contexts. In biological systems, the increase in complexity does not violate the second law because it occurs within an open system that receives energy from external sources. The complexity of living organisms can be supported by the ongoing flow of energy from the sun, allowing for the existence of order in a universe generally characterized by increasing entropy.

Addressing Common Misconceptions

The confusion often arises when people assume that the second law of thermodynamics is a universal binding rule that applies to all contexts, including living systems. However, the second law states that entropy must increase in closed systems, not in open systems. Earth’s open system nature means that energy can enter and leave, allowing for the creation and maintenance of complex structures.

Conclusion

In summary, the theory of entropy does not disprove the theory of evolution because they operate in different realms of science. Both theories can coexist and are compatible within the framework of an open system like Earth, which receives energy from external sources. The increase in biological complexity is a local manifestation of order facilitated by the sun’s energy, which counters the general increase in entropy observed on a global scale.

The relationship between entropy and evolution is complex, but understanding the differences between isolated systems and open systems helps clarify the compatibility of these fundamental scientific concepts. By recognizing the unique role of energy and external influences in biological systems, we can appreciate the intricate balance between order and disorder in the natural world.