Why the Heat from Earth's Mantle and Core Does Not Reach the Surface?

Despite the high temperatures in the Earth's mantle and core, the heat generated by these layers does not significantly affect the surface temperature. This is due to a combination of factors including insulation provided by the crust, the mechanisms of heat transfer, and the regulation of surface temperature by various external factors.

Insulation by the Crust

The Earth's crust serves as a significant barrier to heat transfer. This layer is relatively thick and composed of less conductive materials compared to the mantle and core. As a result, much of the heat from the deep layers does not escape to the surface. This insulation effect is crucial in preventing the Earth's surface from reaching extremely high temperatures.

Heat Transfer Mechanisms

Heat is transferred to the surface primarily through two mechanisms: conduction and convection. The mantle, which undergoes convection, transfers heat at a slow rate due to its vast size and depth. The crust, being thick and composed of less conductive materials, further impedes the rapid movement of heat. This combination results in a gradual release of heat over a long period, which is insufficient to raise surface temperatures significantly.

Surface Temperature Regulation

The Earth's surface temperature is regulated by various factors, including solar radiation, atmospheric conditions, and ocean currents. These factors can mask the geothermal heat from below. For example, during the day, solar radiation significantly raises surface temperatures, making any contributions from deep geothermal heat negligible. This is why the temperature variations at the Earth's surface are primarily driven by external factors rather than the internal geothermal activity.

Geothermal Gradient

The geothermal gradient, which is the rate at which temperature increases with depth, averages about 25-30°C per kilometer in the crust. This suggests that even though the mantle is extremely hot, the temperature increase is gradual, and it takes significant depth to feel those high temperatures. It's important to note that at the surface, the temperature is primarily influenced by the Earth's distance from the sun and the atmosphere's ability to trap and distribute heat.

Localized Heat Sources

Some areas on the Earth's surface do exhibit higher temperatures due to localized geothermal activity, such as volcanic regions or hot springs. However, these areas are exceptions rather than the norm. In most parts of the Earth's surface, the contributions from deep geothermal sources are minimal and are easily overshadowed by the much more significant effects of solar radiation and atmospheric dynamics.

The Sun's Core: Debunking Misconceptions

Contrary to popular belief, there is no evidence for the super-hot core of the Sun. The temperature at the visible photosphere is less than 6,000K, and in the center of sunspots, it is even cooler. The heat we experience on Earth is primarily in the form of long-wavelength electromagnetic radiation, generated by electrically powered plasma arc discharge. Astronomers often assert that the Sun's core is in the millions of degrees, but this temperature is purely theoretical and cannot be measured directly. This unfounded temperature is required to sustain their theoretical model of nuclear fusion in the Sun's core.

It is also challenging to explain how gas forms into a dense ball due to gravity and mysterious mechanical forces alone. While we might expect gas and dust to be condensed in an electrically ionized situation, plasma is rarely mentioned in these explanations. This highlights the need for a more comprehensive understanding of the physical processes at play.