Why Sriharikota is Chosen for Launching Satellites in India

Sriharikota, an island located in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India, stands as a strategic launch site for India's space missions. Known for its proximity to the equator and its optimal location, Sriharikota has emerged as the premier launch center for the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). This article delves into the key reasons why this island is the chosen location for satellite launches in India.

Strategic Location and Equatorial Advantage

The selection of Sriharikota as India’s primary spaceport was driven by its strategic proximity to the equator. Launching from a position close to the equator capitalizes on the Earth’s rotation, providing a substantial increase in payload for a given launch vehicle. This advantage is due to the Earth’s rotational velocity, which adds a significant boost to the initial velocity of the satellite, making it easier to achieve orbit.

Logistical and Safety Considerations

The decision to choose Sriharikota also accounts for logistical and safety aspects. Being an island, it offers a vast area of free-to-use land and a clean, uninhabited path under the rocket's optimal travel path, often the sea. This ensures that any mishaps, such as misfires or actions by the range safety officer, can be contained, preventing harm to the population. The sea provides a natural buffer and a safe landing area for any failed rockets, minimizing the risk to nearby populated areas.

Facilitating Logistics and Accessibility

The location of Sriharikota also considers the ease of logistics and accessibility. The island’s higher altitude, being on the eastern coast, adds to its advantages. Higher altitude rockets can achieve a higher initial velocity, offering better performance. The site is located somewhat away from populated areas, which is crucial for safety reasons, but still accessible from Chennai, facilitating the transportation and handling of spacecraft and launch vehicles.

The Influence of Dr. Vikram Sarabhai

The selection of Sriharikota was a deliberate choice made by Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, the father of India's space program. It was Dr. Sarabhai’s vision to establish a space center that would not only launch satellites but also contribute to the technological and scientific advancements of the nation. The second space center of India, Sriharikota has since played a pivotal role in shaping India's space exploration endeavors.

Conclusion

In summary, Sriharikota's combination of strategic location, logistical advantages, and inherent safety features make it an ideal site for satellite launches in India. The island’s proximity to the equator, vast free land, and the ability to conduct tests over the sea contribute to its prominence in the field of space research and exploration.