Who is Responsible for Scientifically Naming a Particular Virus?

The process of scientifically naming a virus, including its classification into species and genus, is a critical step in virology. This classification follows a set of rigorous guidelines established by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), which is responsible for maintaining a comprehensive and systematic classification system for viruses. However, the nomenclature or naming of viral diseases itself falls under the purview of the World Health Organization (WHO).

The Role of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)

The term “virus” was first coined by the Dutch microbiologist Martinus Beijerinck. In the early 20th century, Frederick Twort further contributed to the understanding of viruses when he discovered that bacteria could be attacked by viral agents. These early discoveries set the stage for the modern understanding of viruses.

Today, the ICTV plays a crucial role in the scientific naming of viruses. The committee has established a formal nomenclature system that categorizes viruses according to their genetic and biological characteristics. This system helps in organizing and understanding the vast diversity of known and newly discovered viruses. The ICTV’s Virus Taxonomy includes well-defined rules and guidelines that scientists must follow when proposing new virus names.

The World Health Organization (WHO) and Disease Naming

In contrast to the systematic classification of viruses, the naming of diseases caused by viruses is more complex and often involves multiple stakeholders, including national and international health authorities, media outlets, and public health officials. According to the WHO, the responsibility of naming viral diseases falls on the organization. The WHO’s recommendation on disease naming aims to reduce stigma, avoid trade barriers, and minimize unnecessary fear.

The naming of a computer virus, or a malicious software (malware), follows a different set of rules. These names are often given by the cybersecurity experts or researchers who identify and analyze the threat. Names may be based on the virus’s characteristics or the effects it has on computer systems. For instance, the I Love You Virus, also known as the VBSIHACK.Vbsci](ILOVEYOU), was named based on the payload message "ILOVEYOU" that appeared in the email attachments.

Conclusion

The process of naming and classifying viruses involves different organizations and experts depending on the context. When it comes to the official classification of viruses, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) plays a key role, while the World Health Organization (WHO) is responsible for the nomenclature of disease-related terms. Understanding these roles helps in comprehending the complex and nuanced process of virology and health communication.