The Origin and Inspirations Behind Gustav Holst's 'The Planets'

Gustav Holst's The Planets is one of the most beloved orchestral suites in the classical repertoire. Composed in the early 20th century, the suite is a series of seven movements, each representing a different planet and its astrological significance. However, the choice of starting with Mars instead of Mercury is both intriguing and reflective of Holst's creative process and experiences.

Holst's Initial Ideas and Decisions

Upon first approaching the composition, Holst considered beginning with Mercury, the speedy messenger of the gods. However, he ultimately decided to launch the suite with the planet Mars, known for its destructive and fierce character. Holst felt that this choice would create a more commanding and compelling entrance, setting the tone for the entire suite. This decision highlights the importance of choosing the right starting point in a musical composition.

The Astrological Significance and Human Traits

Each movement in The Planets is inspired by the astrological character of a planet. These characters are often associated with human traits, which provide a rich emotional landscape for the listener. For example, Mars is associated with war and violence, while Mercury is linked to communication and intellectual pursuits. Holst’s suite is not meant to be a literal representation of the planets, nor a guided tour of the solar system, but rather a musical exploration of these astrological personifications.

Richard Greene’s book on Holst’s suite, part of Cambridge’s series “Holst: The Planets,” delves into the origins and influences behind the composition. These insights offer a deeper understanding of Holst’s intentions and creative process. It’s worth noting that Greene’s book includes many quotes from Holst’s correspondence, which further illuminate his views on the astrological themes and their interpretations.

Musical and Personal Influences

Greene's book provides a detailed discussion on the early stages of composition. Holst had already written several works related to war and soldiers, suggesting that the idea for The Planets was likely sparked by his experiences and observations during this time. Holst began working on the suite around 1914, and the earliest notebook shows that he listed Mercury as the first movement, indicating that he initially planned to follow the traditional order of the planets. However, he chose to start with Mars, thereby creating a more dramatic and compelling musical narrative.

Holst was also inspired by the work of Arnold Schoenberg, particularly his op.16. The original title of the suite was “Seven Pieces for Large Orchestra,” but Holst included the poetic planetary titles to enhance the work. This shows how Holst was not only influenced by contemporary classical music but also by the broader cultural context, including astrological themes and personal experiences.

The combination of these influences, from astrology to war, and from Schoenberg's modernist works to Holst's own narrative, makes The Planets a unique and profound piece of orchestral literature. It stands as a testament to Holst's creativity and his ability to explore complex themes through music.

Conclusion

Gustav Holst’s The Planets is a rich tapestry of musical expression and cultural influence. From the choice of starting with Mars to the astrological characters and human traits explored in each movement, the suite offers a window into Holst's creative mind and his engagement with the world around him. Whether you are a classical music enthusiast or a casual listener, The Planets is a rewarding exploration that stands the test of time.