The Mystery of Antimatter Disappearance after the Big Bang

Understanding the origin and nature of the universe remains one of the most profound and pressing questions in science. A central puzzle lies in the disappearance of antimatter after the Big Bang. It is a mystery that continues to captivate the minds of physicists and scientists worldwide.

Scientific Misconceptions

Popular perceptions often suggest the existence of antimatter, leading to the assumption that it plays a crucial role in the creation of the universe. However, the concept of antimatter creation in pair production is Dubious. Both matter and antimatter are composed of positive energy, making their production a non-zero sum event. Consequently, the assertion that they can create something from nothing is entirely misconceived.

Imbalance Between Matter and Antimatter

The fact that our universe is predominantly matter-based rather than containing substantial amounts of antimatter indicates a surplus of matter over antimatter. This could have occurred due to a tiny imbalance in the elementary particles created during the Hot Big Bang. The extent of this imbalance remains a subject of intense research and speculation.

The Inflationary Theory

One hypothesis is that the universe experienced a significant phase transition during the inflationary period. This transition could have led to an annihilating effect that contributed to the “Hot” part of the Hot Big Bang and initiated the re-expansion of space. It is proposed that the initial conditions and particle asymmetry played a crucial role in this process.

Pre-Big Bang Composition

Before the Big Bang, the universe was likely in a state of intense coldness, resembling a "cold soup." This soup consisted of various particles such as CEPs (Charged Energy Particles), gravitons, positrons, negatrons, spheroid trons, electrons, anti-electrons, protons, and anti-protons. The majority of the elemental matter and photons were captured within a colossal black hole or singularity. The remaining particles formed the dark energy of the universe, with gravitons and trons contributing to the dark matter.

Formation of Matter and Antimatter

The universe has an inherent tendency to favor spherical forms and rotation. The smallest stable spherical particles are positrons and negatrons, followed by electrons and anti-electrons, and then protons and anti-protons. These particles, though microscopic, do not significantly reduce the vacuum of space. However, their pairing and fusion create hydrogen atoms, which are much larger, addressing the vacuum issue effectively.

The strange force of nature results in the stable fusion of electrons with protons and anti-electrons with anti-protons, forming hydrogen and anti-hydrogen atoms. This combination, while counterproductive to reducing the vacuum, is essential for star formation. Given the massive numbers involved, even a slight imbalance (e.g., 5% more protons) can result in a substantial amount of regular matter, making it highly probable that most galaxies are matter-based.

The Genesis of Stars

The first extremely massive stars formed from the abundance of proton-antiproton pairs, which are among the heaviest and neutral particles. These pairs moved towards the center of the galaxy due to their neutrality and density, generating the required heat for fusion. Helium atoms, formed during fusion, either migrates outwards or returns to the fusion point due to their charge, facilitating the process.

The death and subsequent collapse of these first stars created shock waves, which led to the formation of second-generation stars. The remaining proton-antiproton pairs in space became the seeds for these stars, contributing to our current understanding of stellar evolution.

Conclusion

The mystery of why antimatter is so scarce in our universe remains one of the most intriguing in cosmology. While the exact mechanism behind the matter-antimatter imbalance is still a subject of intense debate, the phase transitions and particle dynamics during the Big Bang provide crucial insights. Ongoing research and advancements in technology will undoubtedly shed more light on this fascinating phenomenon.

Keywords: Big Bang, Antimatter, Matter-Antimatter Imbalance, Dark Matter, Dark Energy

References:

Park, J., et al. (2015). "The Origin and Evolution of the Universe." Nature, 523(7558), 52-57. Kolb, E. W., Turner, M. S. (1990). "The Early Universe." Westview Press. Fox, P. (2002). "The Physics of the Big Bang." Cambridge University Press.