How and Why Physicists Are Rebuilding Quantum Theory from Scratch

The quest to rebuild quantum physics from its foundations is driven by the need to explain the origin of mass and reconcile quantum mechanics with the principles of relativity, particularly gravity. In the current standard model, each particle's mass is treated as an empirical add-on, not explained by the wave function. Additionally, special relativity's spacetime is difficult to bend to fit quantum mechanics and gravity simultaneously, underscoring the need for a new, unified framework.

The Core Axioms Remain: Relativity and Quantization

No serious attempts are discarding the existing theories outright; instead, researchers like those involved in string theory and loop quantum gravity are striving to find a mathematical structure and geometry where both quantum mechanics and gravity can coexist. These approaches aim to retain the core physical axioms of the principle of relativity and the quantization of energy—axioms that are indispensable to empirical success.

Generalizing Quantum Mechanics and Gravity

The goal is to generalize both theories in such a way that they are both physically meaningful and compatible. These researchers are not about to throw out either theory but are instead looking for a way to make them play nicely together within a new, unified framework. While this may not sound as dramatic as it could be, the implications of such a breakthrough could be profound, potentially reshaping our understanding of the universe.

A Diversity of Research Approaches

It is helpful to view the research on quantum theory as falling into distinct categories rather than a single monolithic block. For instance, some physicists are pursuing a “start from scratch” approach, seeking to reconstruct quantum mechanics and its relationship with special and general relativity. Others are using a “tweak as needed” methodology, attempting to refine existing theories to extend their known limits. Both approaches are driven by the need to explore new possibilities and improve the overall coherence and explanatory power of our theoretical constructs.

To illustrate, consider a theoretical physicist whose work involves reconstructing quantum mechanics from the ground up. They are motivated by a deep fascination with the underlying principles and are compensated for their efforts, making it difficult to discourage them from delving into these complex problems. Some of these researchers are so engrossed that they sometimes need to be reminded to take care of basic needs, such as eating and breathing. This dedication is a normal part of theoretical science, serving as a means of continually testing and refining our best theories to ensure they remain the most accurate we can achieve.

It is essential to recognize that there are significant challenges and potential issues with the current formulations of quantum mechanics. For example, the mathematical machinery of quantum mechanics can be quite abstract, and its principles can sometimes lead to counterintuitive results. Rebuilding quantum theory from scratch may offer a cleaner, more intuitive framework, or even a fundamentally different perspective that addresses these challenges.

Conclusion

While the pursuit of a unified theory of quantum mechanics and relativity may not always make headlines, the efforts of these theoretical physicists are crucial for our ongoing quest to understand the fundamental nature of the universe. The challenge is complex, but the potential rewards are immeasurable. By exploring new and innovative approaches, these researchers are paving the way for a more complete and coherent description of the physical world.