Introduction to the Plasma Cosmological Model and the Big Bang Theory

The universe is a vast and complex subject of scientific exploration, with numerous theories attempting to explain its origin and evolution. Two prominent frameworks in this exploration are the Big Bang Theory and the Plasma Cosmological Model. The Big Bang Theory posits that the universe started as a singular point of infinite density and temperature, which underwent a rapid expansion known as the Big Bang. In contrast, the Plasma Cosmological Model (PCM) suggests that the universe started in a state of plasma and proposed that the universe is not bound by a single, Large-Scale Expansion event but rather by ongoing interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields.

Temperature and Plasma States During and After the Big Bang

Shortly after the Big Bang, around few microseconds, all matter was in a state of quark-gluon plasma, a high-energy state where quarks and gluons were separated and interacting at very high temperatures. This plasma state was characterized by a phase transition into a state where electrons and nuclei were separated due to a high temperature, leading to the classical plasma state around a few minutes after the Big Bang. It wasn't until about 370,000 years after the Big Bang that the universe became transparent to the electromagnetic radiation, resulting in the formation of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB).

Comparing the Plasma Cosmological Model and the Big Bang Theory

The Plasma Cosmological Model presents an alternative explanation to the Big Bang Theory. According to this model, the universe began in a state of plasma instead of a singularity. Gravity is instead proposed to be secondary to the expansion driven by electric forces. This model posits that the universe is infinite and that galaxies are held together by electrical forces rather than gravity. Additional to these concepts, the PCM asserts that galaxies were formed by the condensation of plasma, rather than from a single, explosive event associated with the Big Bang.

Commonalities and Differences

Both the Big Bang Theory and the Plasma Cosmological Model share the concept of accretion in the formation of celestial objects. However, the Plasma Cosmological Model emphasizes the role of plasma, a highly ionized state of matter. The Big Bang Theory, on the other hand, relies on the role of gravity to cause the expansion of the universe. Despite these similarities, both models are criticized for their lack of experimental evidence and adherence to established physical laws. Specifically, both models fail to achieve fusion through accretion, and gravity alone cannot explain the fusion process.

The Plasma Universe and Its Importance

The observable universe is predominantly a plasma state, making it essential to understand the physics of plasma to fully grasp the universe's evolution. If one applies the laws of physics to a plasma-dominated system, it leads to the conclusion that all matter was in a fusion state in the beginning. This is because what we observe today is the shrapnel from a gargantuan collision, with each galaxy having once been a single object of plasma. The size, shape, rotation rate, and trajectory of these objects have shaped them into what they are today.

A significant point in the Plasma Cosmological Model is the idea that each celestial object created all the elements it contains all by itself, using nucleosynthesis. This means that there was no waiting for the slow process of accretion, nor the need for stars to explode. Every object acted as a star in its own right. This self-sustained nucleosynthesis is a unique feature of the Plasma Cosmological Model and makes it a pivotal framework in understanding the universe's structure and dynamics.