Isomers of C4H10: Structural Formulas and Nomenclature

The molecule C4H10 exists in two structural isomers: butane and isobutane. Understanding their structural formulas and nomenclature is crucial for chemical analysis and application.

Butane (n-Butane)

Butane, commonly referred to as n-butane or normal butane, features a linear carbon chain structure. The structural formula for n-butane is:

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3

Isobutane (2-Methylpropane)

Isobutane, also known as 2-methylpropane, has a branched carbon chain structure. The structural formula for isobutane is:

CH3-CH(CH3)-CH3

Comparison of Structural Formulas

Though both isomers share the same molecular formula C4H10, their structural arrangements differ:

Linear Structure (n-Butane)

The carbon atoms are connected in a straight line:

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3

Branched Structure (Isobutane)

One of the carbon atoms branches off to form a side chain:

CH3-CH(CH3)-CH3

Nomenclature and Common Names

The isomer n-butane (or normal butane) is also known as regular butane due to its linear structure:

n-Butane (n signifies a normal linear structure) Butane (simple nomenclature)

Isobutane (2-Methylpropane) has other names as well:

Methylpropane 2-Methylpropane

Conclusion

Understanding the structural formulas and nomenclature of C4H10 isomers is vital for various applications, including chemical engineering, pharmaceuticals, and environmental science. The distinction between butane and isobutane lies in their carbon chain structure, which significantly affects their physical and chemical properties.