Is Kīlauea Volcano Still Erupting in 2021 Beyond?

The question of whether Kīlauea volcano is still erupting continues to be a topic of interest among seismologists, geologists, and geography enthusiasts. While the recent eruptions of Kīlauea have waned, the possibility of future activity remains a subject of ongoing monitoring and research.

Current Status and Activity

Yes, Kīlauea is still erupting, albeit in a more contained manner compared to its past eruptions. As of now, lava activity is primarily confined to the Halema?uma?u area within the summit caldera. Lava is erupting from a vent on the northwest side of the crater. This ongoing activity is crucial for understanding the volcano's behavior and for mitigating potential risks to the local community and environment.

The most recent updates on the Kīlauea volcano can be found on the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) website. According to the latest available information, the Halema?uma?u fire pit is continually filling with lava, with some steam erupting from a few vents around the area.

Past Activity and History

Kīlauea has been one of the world's most active volcanoes, with its historical activity spanning from as early as the year 1823. The volcano has erupted continuously from 1983 to 2018, with a brief two-year hiatus. After a period of seismic unrest, Kīlauea resumed its activity in December 2020, with the latest eruption starting on December 21, 2020. The eruption has been ongoing, posing challenges for the local population, particularly for those residing in the windward side of the Big Island.

Other volcanic features in the region, such as Mauna Loa, are not currently erupting. Mauna Loa volcano, the world's most massive active volcano, has been under close scrutiny. The latest monitoring results from the USGS HVO show no significant changes in volcanic activity, with the data indicating steady rates of seismicity and deformation, as well as low rates of sulfur dioxide emission. However, the possibility of future eruptions cannot be ruled out, as the volcano is currently in a state of unrest.

Expert Monitoring and Research

The most reliable source for the latest information on Kīlauea's activity comes directly from the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO). The HVO provides regular updates on volcanic activity, including seismic data, ground deformation, and gas emissions. Their most recent report from October 2, 2019, stated:

Kīlauea Volcano is not erupting. Monitoring data continue to show steady rates of seismicity and ground deformation, low rates of sulfur dioxide emission, and only minor geologic changes since the end of eruptive activity in September 2018.

Despite the current non-eruptive status, the HVO closely monitors all data streams at the Kīlauea summit for any signs of increased activity. They maintain visual surveillance with web cameras and frequent field visits. The observatory's goal is to provide early warnings in case of any imminent changes in volcanic behavior.

Long-Term Hazards and Community Preparedness

Residents and visitors in the vicinity of Kīlauea are encouraged to stay informed about the long-term hazard maps for Kīlauea. These maps, available from the Hawaiian County Civil Defense and the National Park Service, provide essential information about potential lava flow hazards and collapse areas. In times of increased activity, such as steam and sulfur dioxide emission, the community is advised to heed warnings and take necessary precautions.

The continuous monitoring and research by the HVO play a crucial role in understanding the complex behaviors of Kīlauea, which remains an active volcano capable of future eruptions. As Hawaii continues to evolve, the scientific community's vigilance and preparedness will be key in ensuring the safety and well-being of local populations.