Chandrayaan-3: The LVM3-M4 Rocket That Launched India's Lunar Mission

India's lunar exploration mission, Chandrayaan-3, embarked on its historic journey on July 14, 2023, aboard the powerful LVM3-M4 rocket. This detailed article provides an in-depth look at the rocket that sent Chandrayaan-3 into space, including its technical specifications and the historical context of its launch.

The Chandrayaan-3 Mission

The Chandrayaan-3 mission is India's third lunar exploration endeavor. This ambitious project marks a significant milestone for Indian space technology and scientific advancement. Launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, India, the mission represents a crucial step towards achieving India's dream of establishing a permanent lunar base and conducting scientific research on the Moon.

The LVM3-M4 Rocket: A Powerful Expendable Launch Vehicle

The LVM3-M4 (Launch Vehicle Mark 3 - Mission 4) is a three-stage expendable launch vehicle designed and manufactured by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). This rocket is a key component in India's space program, having been successfully used for the Chandrayaan-3 mission and previously in the Chandrayaan-2 mission in 2019.

Technical Specifications of the LVM3-M4

Rocket Name: LVM3-M4 Type: Three-stage expendable launch vehicle Manufacturer: Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Height: 43.5 meters (142.7 feet) Mass: 640 tonnes (1,411,000 pounds)

Stages and Engines of the LVM3-M4

The LVM3-M4 rocket is equipped with three stages, each designed to perform specific functions during the launch process.

First Stage:

Powered by four Vikas liquid rocket engines, each generating 805 kN (181,000 lbf) of thrust. These engines provide the necessary impulse to boost the rocket from the Earth's surface into the upper atmosphere.

Second Stage:

Equipped with one Vikas engine and two Vikas Liquid Boost Strap-on (VLBS) engines. The Vikas engine provides additional thrust, while the VLBS engines aid in achieving the required velocity for placing the payload into a parking orbit.

Third Stage:

Imparts the final boost using a single Cryogenic Upper Stage (CUS) engine, which is fueled by liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen. This engine delivers a thrust of 187 kN (42,000 lbf), enabling the release of Chandrayaan-3 into its intended orbit around the Moon.

Successful Deployment of the Chandrayaan-3

The LVM3-M4 rocket successfully placed Chandrayaan-3 into an Earth parking orbit, marking the beginning of the mission's journey to the Moon. This was the fourth flight of the LVM3 launch vehicle, highlighting ISRO's expertise and reliability in aerospace engineering.

The Historical Context and Significance

The Chandrayaan-3 mission is part of India's broader plan to establish a lasting presence on the Moon. This mission builds upon the success of Chandrayaan-2, which was launched in 2019 using the GSLV Mk III rocket. Chandrayaan-3 aims to conduct scientific research and further India's space exploration capabilities.

Religious Significance and Superstition

Interestingly, there is a subtle religious touch to the launch preparations. ISRO chairman K Somanath reportedly visited a temple before the launch. This practice, common in India, reflects the intersection of science and spirituality in Indian culture. Various motivations could include seeking good luck, showing respect, or seeking divine blessings. However, it is important to note that there is no scientific evidence to support the belief that these rituals can ensure success.

Ultimately, the decision to perform such rituals is a personal one and reflects the rich cultural heritage of India. While some may view these practices with skepticism, others find comfort and peace in them.